Transcriptional control and hormonal response of thermogenic fat

Transcriptional control and hormonal response of thermogenic fat.

Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases present a major public health problem around the world. The discovery that thermogenic fat is active in adult humans has sparked a renewal of interest in the study of its development and function and in the feasibility of using modulators of thermogenesis to work against obesity. In recent years, it has been shown that there are at least two distinc...

Thermogenic mechanisms and their hormonal regulation.

Increased heat generation from biological processes is inherent to homeothermy. Homeothermic species produce more heat from sustaining a more active metabolism as well as from reducing fuel efficiency. This article reviews the mechanisms used by homeothermic species to generate more heat and their regulation largely by thyroid hormone (TH) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Thermogenic m...

Hormonal control of regional fat distribution.

Hormones exert powerful influences on body fat distribution in humans. Studies under fully controlled conditions in vitro have indicated that cortisol and insulin facilitate lipid accumulation by expressing lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Growth hormone (GH) abolishes this and turns metabolism towards lipid mobilization. Testosterone and GH inhibit LPL and stimulate lipolysis markedly. Cortisol effec...

Thermogenic mechanisms in brown fat.

Nutritional and hormonal control of muscle growth and fat deposition

This review will consider the processes of skeletal muscle (myogenesis) and fat (adipogenesis) development and the factors involved in regulating them in a variety of species. In particular, the effects of hormones and maternal nutrition during different stages of pregnancy on numbers and types of skeletal muscle fibres will be considered, along with possible underlying mechanisms. Similarly, e...